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Verb Paradigms

Table of contents

  1. Verb Conjugation - Endings
  2. Present System (Present, Imperfect, Future)
    1. Present Tense
    2. Imperfect Tense
    3. Future Tense
  3. Perfect System (Perfect, Pluperfect, Future Perfect)
    1. Perfect Tense
    2. Pluperfect Tense
    3. Future Perfect Tense
  4. Irregular Verbs
    1. sum
    2. possum
    3. ferō
    4. volō, nōlō, mālō
  5. Infinitives

Verb Conjugation - Endings

Conjugation 1st Principal Part Ending 2nd Principal Part Ending
1st -āre
2nd -eō -ēre
3rd -ere
3rd -iō -iō -ere
4th -iō -īre

Present System (Present, Imperfect, Future)

Present Tense

1st Conjugation

  • Paradigm verb: amō, amāre, amāvī, amātus - to love
  Present Active Indicative Present Active Imperative Present Passive Indicative Present Active Subjunctive Present Passive Subjunctive
1st sg. amō amor amem amer
2nd sg. amās amā amāris amēs amēris
3rd sg. amat amātur amet amētur
1st pl. amāmus amāmur amēmus amēmur
2nd pl. amātis amāte amāminī amētis amēminī
3rd pl. amant amantur ament amentur

2nd Conjugation

  • Paradigm verb: videō, vidēre, vīdī, vīsus - to see; (passive) to seem
  Present Active Indicative Present Active Imperative Present Passive Indicative Present Active Subjunctive Present Passive Subjunctive
1st sg. videō videor videam videar
2nd sg. vidēs vidē vidēris videās videāris
3rd sg. videt vidētur videat videātur
1st pl. vidēmus vidēmur videāmus videāmur
2nd pl. vidētis vidēte vidēminī videātis videāminī
3rd pl. vident videntur videant videantur

3rd Conjugation

  • Paradigm verb: regō, regere, rexī, rectus - to rule
  Present Active Indicative Present Active Imperative Present Passive Indicative Present Active Subjunctive Present Passive Subjunctive
1st sg. regō regor regam regar
2nd sg. regis regē regeris regās regāris
3rd sg. regit regitur regat regātur
1st pl. regimus regimur regāmus regāmur
2nd pl. regitis regite regiminī regātis regāminī
3rd pl. regunt reguntur regant regantur

3rd -iō Conjugation

  • Paradigm verb: capiō, capere, cēpī, captus - to take, seize
  Present Active Indicative Present Active Imperative Present Passive Indicative Present Active Subjunctive Present Passive Subjunctive
1st sg. cap capior capiam capiar
2nd sg. capis cape capieris capiās capiāris
3rd sg. capit capitur capiat capiātur
1st pl. capimus capimur capiāmus capiāmur
2nd pl. capitis capite capiminī capiātis capiāminī
3rd pl. capiunt capiuntur capiant capiantur

4th Conjugation

  • Paradigm verb: audiō, audīre, audiī / audīvī, audītus - to hear, listen to
  Present Active Indicative Present Active Imperative Present Passive Indicative Present Active Subjunctive Present Passive Subjunctive
1st sg. aud audior audiam audiar
2nd sg. audīs audī audīris audiās audiāris
3rd sg. audit audītur audiat audiātur
1st pl. audīmus audīmur audiāmus audiāmur
2nd pl. audītis audīte audīminī audiātis audiāminī
3rd pl. audiunt audiuntur audiant audiantur

Imperfect Tense

1st Conjugation

  • Paradigm verb: amō, amāre, amāvī, amātus - to love
  Imperfect Active Indicative Imperfect Passive Indicative Imperfect Active Subjunctive Imperfect Passive Subjunctive
1st sg. amābam amābar amārem amārer
2nd sg. amābās amābāris amārēs amārēris
3rd sg. amābat amābātur amāret amārētur
1st pl. amābāmus amābāmur amārēmus amārēmur
2nd pl. amābātis amābāminī amārētis amārēminī
3rd pl. amābant amābantur amārent amārentur

2nd Conjugation

  • Paradigm verb: videō, vidēre, vīdī, vīsus - to see; (passive) to seem
  Imperfect Active Indicative Imperfect Passive Indicative Imperfect Active Subjunctive Imperfect Passive Subjunctive
1st sg. vidēbam vidēbar vidērem vidērer
2nd sg. vidēbās vidēbāris vidērēs vidērēris
3rd sg. vidēbat vidēbātur vidēret vidērētur
1st pl. vidēbāmus vidēbāmur vidērēmus vidērēmur
2nd pl. vidēbātis vidēbāminī vidērētis vidērēminī
3rd pl. vidēbant vidēbantur vidērent vidērentur

3rd Conjugation

  • Paradigm verb: regō, regere, rexī, rectus - to rule
  Imperfect Active Indicative Imperfect Passive Indicative Imperfect Active Subjunctive Imperfect Passive Subjunctive
1st sg. regēbam regēbar regerem regerer
2nd sg. regēbās regēbāris regerēs regerēris
3rd sg. regēbat regēbātur regeret regerētur
1st pl. regēbāmus regēbāmur regerēmus regerēmur
2nd pl. regēbātis regēbāminī regerētis regerēminī
3rd pl. regēbant regēbantur regerent regerentur

3rd -iō Conjugation

  • Paradigm verb: capiō, capere, cēpī, captus - to take, seize
  Imperfect Active Indicative Imperfect Passive Indicative Imperfect Active Subjunctive Imperfect Passive Subjunctive
1st sg. capiēbam capiēbar caperem caperer
2nd sg. capiēbās capiēbāris caperēs caperēris
3rd sg. capiēbat capiēbātur caperet caperētur
1st pl. capiēbāmus capiēbāmur caperēmus caperēmur
2nd pl. capiēbātis capiēbāminī caperētis caperēminī
3rd pl. capiēbant capiēbantur caperent caperentur

4th Conjugation

  • Paradigm verb: audiō, audīre, audiī / audīvī, audītus - to hear, listen to
  Imperfect Active Indicative Imperfect Passive Indicative Imperfect Active Subjunctive Imperfect Passive Subjunctive
1st sg. audiēbam audiēbar audīrem audīrer
2nd sg. audiēbās audiēbāris audīrēs audīrēris
3rd sg. audiēbat audiēbātur audīret audīrētur
1st pl. audiēbāmus audiēbāmur audīrēmus audīrēmur
2nd pl. audiēbātis audiēbāminī audīrētis audīrēminī
3rd pl. audiēbant audiēbantur audīrent audīrentur

Future Tense

1st Conjugation

  • Paradigm verb: amō, amāre, amāvī, amātus - to love
  Future Active Indicative Future Passive Indicative
1st sg. amā amābor
2nd sg. amābīs amābēris
3rd sg. amābit amābitur
1st pl. amābīmus amābimur
2nd pl. amābītis amābiminī
3rd pl. amābunt amābuntur

2nd Conjugation

  • Paradigm verb: videō, vidēre, vīdī, vīsus - to see; (passive) to seem
  Future Active Indicative Future Passive Indicative
1st sg. vidē vidēbor
2nd sg. vidēbīs vidēbēris
3rd sg. vidēbit vidēbitur
1st pl. vidēbīmus vidēbimur
2nd pl. vidēbītis vidēbiminī
3rd pl. vidēbunt vidēbuntur

3rd Conjugation

  • Paradigm verb: regō, regere, rexī, rectus - to rule
  Future Active Indicative Future Passive Indicative
1st sg. regam regar
2nd sg. regēs regēris
3rd sg. reget regētur
1st pl. regēmus regēmur
2nd pl. regētis regēminī
3rd pl. regent regentur

3rd -iō Conjugation

  • Paradigm verb: capiō, capere, cēpī, captus - to take, seize
  Future Active Indicative Future Passive Indicative
1st sg. capiam capiar
2nd sg. capiēs capiēris
3rd sg. capiet capiētur
1st pl. capiēmus capiēmur
2nd pl. capiētis capiēminī
3rd pl. capient capientur

4th Conjugation

  • Paradigm verb: audiō, audīre, audiī / audīvī, audītus - to hear, listen to
  Future Active Indicative Future Passive Indicative
1st sg. audiam audiar
2nd sg. audiēs audiēris
3rd sg. audiet audiētur
1st pl. audiēmus audiēmur
2nd pl. audiētis audiēminī
3rd pl. audient audientur

Perfect System (Perfect, Pluperfect, Future Perfect)

Perfect Tense

  • Paradigm verb: amō, amāre, amāvī, amātus - to love
  Perfect Active Indicative Perfect Passive Indicative Perfect Active Subjunctive Perfect Passive Subjunctive
1st sg. amāvī amātus, -a, -um sum amāverim amātus, -a, -um sim
2nd sg. amāvistī amātus, -a, -um es amāverīs amātus, -a, -um sīs
3rd sg. amāvit amātus, -a, -um est amāverit amātus, -a, -um sit
1st pl. amāvimus amātī, -ae, -a sumus amāverīmus amātī, -ae, -a sīmus
2nd pl. amāvistis amātī, -ae, -a estis amāverītis amātī, -ae, -a sītis
3rd pl. amāvērunt / amāvēre amātī, -ae, -a sunt amāverint amātī, -ae, -a sint

Pluperfect Tense

  • Paradigm verb: amō, amāre, amāvī, amātus - to love
  Pluperfect Active Indicative Pluperfect Passive Indicative Pluperfect Active Subjunctive Pluperfect Passive Subjunctive
1st sg. amāveram amātus, -a, -um eram amāvissem amātus, -a, -um essem
2nd sg. amāverās amātus, -a, -um erās amāvissēs amātus, -a, -um essēs
3rd sg. amāverat amātus, -a, -um erat amāvisset amātus, -a, -um esset
1st pl. amāverāmus amātī, -ae, -a erāmus amāvissēmus amātī, -ae, -a essēmus
2nd pl. amāverātis amātī, -ae, -a erātis amāvissētis amātī, -ae, -a essētis
3rd pl. amāverant amātī, -ae, -a erant amāvissent amātī, -ae, -a essent

Future Perfect Tense

  • Paradigm verb: amō, amāre, amāvī, amātus - to love
  Fut. Pf. Active Indicative Fut. Pf. Passive Indicative
1st sg. amāverō amātus, -a, -um erō
2nd sg. amāveris amātus, -a, -um erīs
3rd sg. amāverit amātus, -a, -um erit
1st pl. amāverimus amātī, -ae, -a erīmus
2nd pl. amāveritis amātī, -ae, -a erītis
3rd pl. amāverint amātī, -ae, -a erunt

Irregular Verbs

sum

  Present Active Indicative Imperfect Active Indicative Future Active Indicative Present Active Subjunctive Imperfect Active Subjunctive
1st sg. sum eram erō sim essem
2nd sg. es erās erīs sīs essēs
3rd sg. est erat erit sit esset
1st pl. sumus erāmus erīmus sīmus essēmus
2nd pl. estis erātis erītis sītis essētis
3rd pl. sunt erant erunt sint essent

possum

  Present Active Indicative Imperfect Active Indicative Future Active Indicative Present Active Subjunctive Imperfect Active Subjunctive
1st sg. possum poteram poterō possim possem
2nd sg. potes poterās poterīs possīs possēs
3rd sg. potest poterat poterit possit posset
1st pl. possumus poterāmus poterīmus possīmus possēmus
2nd pl. potestis poterātis poterītis possītis possētis
3rd pl. possunt poterant poterunt possint possent

ferō

Present Tense

  Present Active Indicative Present Active Imperative Present Passive Indicative Present Active Subjunctive Present Passive Subjunctive
1st sg. ferō feror feram ferar
2nd sg. fers fer ferris ferās ferāris
3rd sg. fert fertur ferat ferātur
1st pl. ferimus ferimur ferāmus ferāmur
2nd pl. fertis ferte feriminī ferātis ferāminī
3rd pl. ferunt feruntur ferant ferantur

Imperfect Tense

  Imperfect Active Indicative Imperfect Passive Indicative Imperfect Active Subjunctive Imperfect Passive Subjunctive
1st sg. ferēbam ferēbar ferrem ferrer
2nd sg. ferēbās ferēbāris ferrēs ferrēris
3rd sg. ferēbat ferēbātur ferret ferrētur
1st pl. ferēbāmus ferēbāmur ferrēmus ferrēmur
2nd pl. ferēbātis ferēbāminī ferrētis ferrēminī
3rd pl. ferēbant ferēbantur ferrent ferrentur

Future Tense

  Future Active Indicative Future Passive Indicative
1st sg. feram ferar
2nd sg. ferēs ferēris
3rd sg. feret ferētur
1st pl. ferēmus ferēmur
2nd pl. ferētis ferēminī
3rd pl. ferent ferentur

  Present Active Indicative Imperfect Active Indicative Future Active Indicative Present Active Subjunctive Imperfect Active Subjunctive
1st sg. ībam ībō eam īrem
2nd sg. īs ībās ībīs eās īrēs
3rd sg. it ībat ībit eat īret
1st pl. īmus ībāmus ībīmus eāmus īrēmus
2nd pl. ītis ībātis ībītis eātis īrētis
3rd pl. eunt ībant ībunt eant īrent

volō, nōlō, mālō

Present Indicative

  volō nōlō mālō
1st sg. volō nōlō mālō
2nd sg. vīs nōn vīs māvīs
3rd sg. vult nōn vult māvult
1st pl. volumus nōlumus mālumus
2nd pl. vultis nōn vultis māvultis
3rd pl. volunt nōlunt mālunt

Present Subjunctive

  volō nōlō mālō
1st sg. velim nōlim mālim
2nd sg. velīs nōlīs mālīs
3rd sg. velit nōlit mālit
1st pl. velīmus nōlīmus mālīmus
2nd pl. velītis nōlītis mālītis
3rd pl. velint nōlint mālint

Imperfect and Future

  • volō used as paradigm below; swap in respective stem for nōlō (nōl-) and mālō (māl-) in impf. act. ind. and fut. act. ind. (but the usual infinitive + endings for impf. act. subj.)
  Imperfect Active Indicative Imperfect Active Subjunctive Future Active Indicative
1st sg. volēbam vellem volam
2nd sg. volēbās vellēs volēs
3rd sg. volēbat vellet volet
1st pl. volēbāmus vellēmus volēmus
2nd pl. volēbātis vellētis volētis
3rd pl. volēbant vellent volent

Infinitives

  • Paradigm verbs: amō, videō, regō, capiō, audiō
  1st Conj. 2nd Conj. 3rd Conj. 3rd -iō Conj. 4th Conj.
Present Active amāre vidēre regere capere audīre
Present Passive amārī vidērī regī capī audīrī
Perfect Active āmāvisse vīdisse rexisse cēpisse audīvisse / audiisse
Perfect Passive amātus … esse vīsus … esse rectus … esse captus … esse audītus … esse

All material developed by Daniel Libatique, Dominic Machado, and Neel Smith, and available under the Creative Commons Attribution Share-Alike license CC BY-SA 4.0