Link Search Menu Expand Document
LATN 1111

Answer Key

This is an answer key for all the homework assignments. I encourage you to complete the homework assignments first without this key, submit those answers to Blackboard, and then use this answer key to check your work. While I can’t stop you from just submitting these answers verbatim, please know that it’s in your best interest to practice with the concepts and vocabulary, rather than taking an easy shortcut, especially when it comes to internalizing information for in-class check-ins!

Table of contents

  1. Practice Homework 1 (Due R 9/5)
  2. Practice Homework 2 (Due M 9/9)
  3. Homework 1 (Due W 9/11)
  4. Homework 2 (Due R 9/12)
  5. Homework 3 (Due M 9/16)
  6. Homework 4 (Due W 9/18)
  7. Homework 5 (Due R 9/19)
  8. Homework 6 (Due M 9/23)
  9. Homework 7 (Due W 9/25)
  10. Homework 8 (Due R 9/26)
  11. Homework 9 (Due M 9/30)
  12. Homework 10 (Due W 10/2)
  13. Homework 11 (Due R 10/3)
  14. Homework 12 (Due M 10/7)
  15. Homework 13 (Due W 10/9)
  16. Homework 14 (Due R 10/10)
  17. Homework 15 (Due W 10/16)
  18. Homework 16 (Due R 10/17)
  19. Homework 17 (Due M 10/21)
  20. Homework 18 (Due W 10/23)
  21. Homework 19 (Due R 10/24)
  22. Homework 20 (Due M 10/28)
  23. Homework 21 (Due W 10/30)
  24. Homework 22 (Due R 10/31)
  25. Homework 23 (Due M 11/4)
  26. Homework 24 (Due W 11/6)
  27. Homework 25 (Due R 11/7)
  28. Homework 26 (Due M 11/11)
  29. Homework 27 (Due W 11/13)
  30. Homework 28 (Due R 11/14)
  31. Homework 29 (Due M 11/18)
  32. Homework 30 (Due W 11/20)
  33. Homework 31 (Due R 11/21)
  34. Homework 32 (Due M 11/25)
  35. Homework 33 (Due M 12/2)
  36. Homework 34 (Due W 12/4)
  37. Homework 35 (Due R 12/5)
  38. Homework 36 (Due M 12/9)

Practice Homework 1 (Due R 9/5)

  1. When are my (Prof. Libatique’s) student hours, and where are they held? (See the Course Info and Policies pages).
    Wednesdays 11am-12:45pm in person (in Donnarumma 124) or by appointment.

  2. What defines an “unexcused absence”? (See Policies.)
    An absence from class after which you have not communicated with me (Prof. Libatique) about it up to 24 hours after the absence, except in cases of emergency

  3. How many semester points do you have to accumulate to earn an A for the semester? (See Grading.)
    950.

  4. True or false: you are allowed to use ChatGPT to generate answers for your assignments. (See Policies and Grading.)
    False! (I’m looking to see you working through the process of figuring out how a Latin sentence works; not only does using ChatGPT mean that you’re not fulfilling that course objective, but also ChatGPT is often wrong in terms of vocabulary and syntax!)

  5. True or false: you can find the answers to all homework assignments on this website. (Hint: see Answer Key).
    True! (The homework assignments are much more about getting practice with the concepts [and they are only graded on completeness, not correctness], so it’s in your best interest to complete the homework assignments using your notes, slideshows, and brains first and then check your work against the answer key, rather than just copying and pasting the answers.)

Practice Homework 2 (Due M 9/9)

  1. What is the definition of a diphthong?
    a combination of two vowels that makes one vowel sound

  2. Which of these is not a part of speech: verb, adjective, subjunctive, preposition?
    subjunctive

  3. What is the term for the act of changing the endings of verbs to reflect different verb aspects like its person, number, tense, voice, and mood?
    conjugation

  4. What is the term for the act of changing the endings of nouns to reflect a noun’s different cases and numbers?
    declension

  5. True or false: we use word order in Latin to determine the functions of words.
    false! (we use inflection [i.e., conjugation and declension] to determine the function of words)

Homework 1 (Due W 9/11)

  1. amō, amāre
    1st

  2. puniō, punīre
    4th

  3. faciō, facere
    3rd -iō

  4. cadō, cadere
    3rd

  5. terreō, terrēre
    2nd

  6. fugiō, fugere
    3rd -iō

  7. audiō, audīre
    4th

  8. regō, regere
    3rd

  9. videō, vidēre
    2nd

  10. ambulō, ambulāre
    1st

Homework 2 (Due R 9/12)

  1. videō, vidēre, vīdī, vīsus - to see; (passive) to seem
    vīdit - ‘he saw’ (or ‘she has seen’, ‘it saw’, ‘they [singular] saw’, etc.)
    vīdērunt - ‘they saw’ (or ‘they have seen’)

  2. regō, regere, rexī, rectus - to rule
    rexīt - ‘she ruled’
    rexērunt - ‘they ruled’

  3. cadō, cadere, cecidī, casus - to fall
    cecidit - ‘it fell’
    cecidērunt - ‘they fell’

  4. interficiō, interficere, interfēcī, interfectus - to kill
    interfēcit - ‘he killed’
    interfēcērunt - ‘they killed’

  5. audiō, audīre, audīvī / audiī, audītus - to hear
    audīvit / audiit - ‘they (singular) heard’
    audīvērunt / audiērunt - ‘they heard’

Homework 3 (Due M 9/16)

  1. arbūtus, arbūtī, f. - strawberry bush
    2nd

  2. caput, capitis, n. - head
    3rd

  3. umbra, umbrae, f. - shadow
    1st

  4. vir, virī, m. - man
    2nd

  5. tempus, temporis, n. - time
    3rd

  6. hortus, hortī, m. - garden
    2nd

  7. corpus, corporis, n. - body
    3rd

  8. gratia, gratiae, f. - favor, thanks
    1st

  9. via, viae, f. - road
    1st

  10. aurum, aurī, n. - gold
    2nd

Homework 4 (Due W 9/18)

Part 1

  1. caput, accusative plural
    capita

  2. nauta, dative singular
    nautae

  3. taurus, nominative plural
    taurī

  4. rex, genitive plural
    regum

  5. via, ablative plural
    viīs

Part 2

  1. viā
    feminine ablative singular

  2. nōmen
    neuter nominative singular or neuter accusative singular

  3. filiōs
    masculine accusative plural

  4. arborī
    feminine dative singular

  5. agricolārum
    masculine genitive plural

Homework 5 (Due R 9/19)

  1. puella dormīvit.
    puella = nominative, subject. “The girl slept.”

  2. dux nautārum cucurrit.
    nautārum = genitive, possession. “The leader of the sailors ran” or “The sailors’ leader ran.”

  3. puerī vēnērunt.
    puerī = nominative, subject. “The boys came.”

  4. arbōrēs agricolae stetērunt.
    arbōrēs = nominative, subject. “The trees of the farmer stood” or “The farmer’s trees stood.”
    • Note: agricolae is translated as a genitive of possession above. It technically can also be nominative plural and thus a subject. However, in tomorrow’s class, we’ll learn about how the definition of stetērunt (“to stand”) rules out arbōrēs being accusative plural, and since its only other possibility is nominative plural, it’s more reasonable to take arbōrēs as our subject and agricolae as a genitive of possession.
  5. fīlius virī fūgit.
    virī = genitive, possession. “The son of the man ran” or “The man’s son ran.”
    • Note: virī can also be nominative plural, but we can rule out that possibility due to the singular number of the verb, and remember, a subject and verb have to agree in number.

Homework 6 (Due M 9/23)

  1. nautae aquam cēpērunt.
    aquam = accusative, direct object. “The sailors took the water.”

  2. mater et pater cībum fīliīs dedit.
    fīliīs = dative, indirect object. “The mother and father gave food to the sons/daughters” or “The mother and father gave the sons/daughters food.”
    • (Note: fīliīs can come either from fīlius, fīliī, m. - son or fīlia, fīliae, f. - daughter!)

  3. puer templum deōrum vīdit.
    deōrum = genitive, possession. “The boy saw the temple of the gods” or “The boy saw the gods’ temple.”

  4. vir aurum mīsit.
    aurum = accusative, direct object. “The man sent the gold.”
    • (Note: While aurum can be either nominative or accusative singular [because it’s a neuter noun], vir can only be a nominative subject, and with an active, transitive verb like mīsit, it makes more sense to consider aurum an accusative direct object.)
  5. puellae equōs agricolārum dūxērunt.
    puellae = nominative, subject. “The girls led the farmers’ horses” or “The girls led the horses of the farmers.”
    • (Note: puellae can be genitive singular, dative singular, or nominative plural. The genitive option would be hard to reconcile with the other unambiguously genitive noun [“They led the horses of the girl of the farmers”??], and while the dative is technically possible [“They led the horses of the farmers for the girl”], it seems more straightforward to take puellae as a nominative subject.)

Homework 7 (Due W 9/25)

Part 1

  1. malus, mala, malum - bad, evil -> agricolārum
    malōrum

  2. pulcher, pulchra, pulchrum - beautiful, pretty, handsome -> oppida
    pulchra

  3. frigidus, frigida, frigidum - cold, cool -> aquam
    frigidam

  4. prīmus, prīma, prīmum - first -> filiās
    prīmās

  5. multus, multa, multum - (singular) much; (plural) many -> patrēs
    multī OR multōs

  6. parvus, parva, parvum - small -> arbōre
    parvā

  7. ultimus, ultima, ultimum - last, final -> taurōs
    ultimōs

  8. magnus, magna, magnum - great, large, big -> corpus
    magnum

  9. tōtus, tōta, tōtum - whole, entire -> oppidī
    tōtīus

  10. bonus, bona, bonum - good -> liber
    bonus

Part 2

  1. agricola bonus equum duxit.
    bonus modifies agricola; “The good farmer led the horse.”

  2. fīlia matrī calidam aquam dedit.
    calidam modifies aquam; “The daughter gave the warm water to her mother” or “The daughter gave her mother the warm water.”

  3. fīlia matrī bonae aquam dedit.
    bonae modifies matrī; “The daughter gave the water to the good mother” or “The daughter gave the good mother the water.”

  4. dux aurum laetōrum nautārum cēpit.
    laetōrum modifies nautārum; “The leader took the gold of the happy sailors” or “The leader took the happy sailors’ gold.”

  5. puerī pulchrum corpus aquae vīdērunt.
    pulchrum modifies corpus; “The boys saw the beautiful body of water.”

Homework 8 (Due R 9/26)

Part 1

  1. sapiens, sapientis - wise -> agricolā
    sapientī

  2. fēlix, fēlicis - lucky, fortunate -> nōmen
    fēlix

  3. velox, velōcis - swift, fast, quick -> aquam
    velōcem

  4. tristis, triste - sad -> filiae
    tristī or tristēs

  5. celer, celeris, celere - swift, fast, quick -> patrum
    celerium

  6. similis, simile - similar -> arbōre
    arborī

  7. ācer, ācris, ācre - sharp, keen, fierce -> taurīs
    ācribus

  8. omnis, omne - (singular) each, every; (plural) all -> corpus
    omne

  9. fortis, forte - brave, strong -> oppidī
    fortis

  10. gravis, grave - heavy, serious -> librōrum
    gravium

Part 2

  1. agricola tristem equum duxit.
    tristem modifies equum; “The farmer led the sad horse.”

  2. fīlia matrī gravem aquam dedit.
    gravem modifies aquam; “The daughter gave the heavy water to her mother.”

  3. fīlia matrī gravī aquam dedit.
    gravī modifies matrī; “The daughter gave the water to her serious mother.”

  4. dux aurum fēlicium nautārum cēpit.
    fēlicium modifies nautārum; “The leader took the lucky sailors’ gold” or “The leader took the gold of the lucky sailors.”

  5. puerī velox corpus aquae vīdērunt.
    velox modifies corpus; “The boys saw the swift body of water.”

Homework 9 (Due M 9/30)

  1. The horses were fast.
    equī celerēs / velōcēs fuērunt.

  2. The sailor was a leader.
    nauta dux fuit.

  3. The war was fierce.
    bellum ācre fuit.

  4. The girls were brave.
    puellae fortēs fuērunt.

  5. The towns were lucky.
    oppida fēlicia fuērunt.

Homework 10 (Due W 10/2)

Part 1

  1. dux nautārum dormīvit.
    eōrum

  2. puer parvus arbōrem vīdit.
    eam

  3. pater omnia matrī dedit.
    eī

  4. agricolae multa fēcērunt.
    eī or iī

  5. agricolae oppidum relīquērunt.
    id

Part 2

  1. fīliae dōna eī dedērunt.
    eī - personal - “The daughters gave gifts to him/her/it/them [singular].”

  2. fīliae dōna sibi dedērunt.
    sibi - reflexive - “The daughters gave gifts to themselves.”

  3. fīlius dōna sibi dedit.
    sibi - reflexive - “The son gave gifts to himself.”

  4. vir uxōrem suam amāvit.
    suam - reflexive - “The man loved his own wife.”

  5. vir uxōrem eius amāvit.
    eius - personal - “The man loved his [i.e., someone else’s!] wife.”

Homework 11 (Due R 10/3)

Part 1

  1. pater verba huius fīliī audīvit.
    huius - masculine genitive singular - “The father heard the words of this son.”

  2. mater omnia fīliae illī dedit.
    illī - feminine dative singular - “The mother gave everything to that daughter.”

  3. puella hunc taurum amāvit.
    hunc - masculine accusative singular - “The girl loved this bull.”

  4. dux illōs mīsit.
    illōs - masculine accusative plural - “The leader sent those men” or “The leader sent those people.”

  5. nauta hoc nōmen nōn audīvit.
    hoc - neuter accusative singular - “The sailor did not hear this name.”

Part 2

  1. The farmers saw themselves.
    agricolae sē vīdērunt.

  2. The farmers saw the horses themselves.
    agricolae equōs ipsōs vīdērunt.

  3. The girl led that bull.
    puella illum taurum duxit.

  4. The girl led this bull.
    puella hunc taurum duxit.

  5. The woman did good things, but the man did bad things. The former slept, and the latter left the town.
    fēmina bona fēcit, sed vir mala fēcit. illa dormīvit, et hic oppidum relīquit.

Homework 12 (Due M 10/7)

  1. equī ex agrīs cucurrērunt.
    The horses ran out of the fields. [ablative of place from which / motion away from]

  2. equī ūnām hōram cucurrērunt.
    The horses ran for one hour. [accusative of extent of time]

  3. equī ad agrōs cucurrērunt.
    The horses ran towards the fields. [accusative of place to which / motion toward]

  4. vir malum ducem prīmīs mensibus interfēcit.
    The man killed the bad leader within the first months. [ablative of time within which]

    • Note: While prīmīs mensibus can technically be an ablative of time when, keep in mind that the ablative of time when pinpoints a specific point in time at which the verbal action occurs. With a plural time word like mensibus and the length of time that it indicates, it makes more sense to take it here as an ablative of time within which.

  5. vir malum ducem prō templō interfēcit.
    The man killed the bad leader in front of the temple. [ablative of place in which / place where]

  6. vir malum ducem ultimā hōrā interfēcit.
    The man killed the bad leader within the last hour. [if ultimā hōrā is ablative of time within which]; or The man killed the bad leader at the last hour. [if ultimā hōrā is ablative of time when]

    • Note: While “hour” can indicate a range of time [and thus ablative of time within which is a legitimate interpretation], if you zoom out your timeline, you can consider an hour basically just one point on a timeline that spans months or years; thus, ablative of time when is also a legitimate interpretation, emphasizing that this was one action at one point in a long timeline.

Homework 13 (Due W 10/9)

Part 1

  1. capiō -> taurus ____.
    taurus captus est. “The bull was taken” or “The bull has been taken.”

  2. videō -> corpus ____.
    corpus vīsum est. “The body was seen” or “The bull has been seen.”

    • Note: The passive voice here can technically yield translations like “The body seemed” or “The body has seemed.” The nature of a linking verb like “seem”, however, often expects a predicate nominative, while a passive verb like “was seen” can complete a thought in and of itself. The lack of a predicate nominative (e.g., “The body seemed large”) makes “seemed” a less attractive option in terms of translation.
    • Note 2: Don’t be fooled by the -us ending on corpus: its dictionary entry is corpus, corporis, n. - “body”, meaning that it’s a neuter noun.

  3. audiō -> verba ____.
    verba audīta sunt. “The words were heard” or “The words have been heard.”

    • Note: Again, be aware of the gender of your noun – the -a ending on verbum, verbī, n. - “word”, a 2nd declension neuter noun, means not only that your participle must be neuter plural but also that your form of esse has to be 3rd plural.

  4. relinquō -> via ____.
    via relicta est. “The road was left” or “The road has been left.”

    • Note: This noun, on the other hand, is a first declension noun (via, viae, f. - “road”), making the subject (and thus your participle) feminine singular and your form of esse 3rd singular.

  5. interficere -> ducēs ____.
    ducēs interfectī sunt. “The leaders were killed” or “The leaders have been killed.”

Part 2

  1. dōna fīliīs ā patre data sunt.
    subject = dōna; verb = data sunt
    The gifts were given to the sons/daughters by the father.

  2. fīlius ob cībum laetus factus est.
    subject = fīlius; verb = factus est
    The son became happy because of the food.

  3. equī ex agrīs ab agricolā ductī sunt.
    subject = equī; verb = ductī sunt
    The horses were led out of the fields by the farmer.

  4. dux nautārum fortis vīsus est.
    subject = dux; verb = vīsus est
    The leader of the sailors seemed brave.

  5. monstrum ultimā hōrā captum est.
    subject = monstrum; verb = captum est
    The monster was caught in/at the last hour.

Homework 14 (Due R 10/10)

Part 1

  1. amō -> 3rd singular imperfect passive indicative
    amābātur - “it was being loved”

  2. moveō -> 3rd plural imperfect passive indicative
    movēbantur - “they were being moved”

  3. capiō -> 3rd singular perfect active indicative
    cēpit - “she took”

  4. capiō -> 3rd singular imperfect active indicative
    capiēbat - “he was taking”

  5. sum -> 3rd plural imperfect active indicative
    erant - “they were”

  6. regō -> 3rd plural perfect passive indicative (masculine)
    rectī sunt - “they were ruled” or “they have been ruled”

  7. faciō -> 3rd singular imperfect active indicative
    faciēbat - “she was making/doing”

  8. currō -> 3rd plural perfect active indicative
    cucurrērunt / cucurrēre - “they ran”

  9. stō -> 3rd plural imperfect active indicative
    stābant - “they were standing”

  10. veniō -> 3rd singular perfect active indicative
    vēnit - “he came” or “he has come”

Part 2

  1. fugiēbat
    imperfect active: stem from 2nd principal part, -bā- tense marker, -t active personal ending
    “he was fleeing”

  2. positum est
    perfect passive: 4th principal part, present tense of esse
    “it was placed”, “it has been placed”

  3. vīcit
    perfect active: stem from 3rd principal part, -it ending
    “she won/conquered”

  4. vidēbātur
    imperfect passive: stem from 2nd principal part, -bā- tense marker, -tur passive personal ending
    “it was being seen”, “it was seeming”

  5. audiēbant
    imperfect active: stem from 2nd principal part, -bā- tense marker, -nt active personal ending
    “they were hearing”

Homework 15 (Due W 10/16)

  1. ācer -> animālī
    ācrī [neut. dat. or abl. sg.]

  2. brevis -> diērum
    brevium [masc. gen. pl.]

  3. nullus -> noctium
    nullārum [fem. gen. pl.]

  4. sapiens -> cīvium
    sapientium [masc./fem. gen. pl.]

  5. magnus -> maria
    magna [neut. nom./acc. pl.]

  6. hic -> faciēbus
    hīs [fem. dat./abl. pl.]

  7. longus -> diēs
    • longus [masc. nom. sg.] or
    • longī [masc. nom. pl.] or
    • longōs [masc. acc. pl.]

  8. parvus -> lacuum
    parvōrum [masc. gen. pl.]

  9. ille -> animālia
    illa [neut. nom./acc. pl.]

  10. celer -> motūs
    • celeris [masc. gen. sg.] or
    • celerēs [masc. nom./acc. pl.]

Homework 16 (Due R 10/17)

Part 1

  1. canō -> 3rd sg. present active
    canit – “he sings”

  2. dormiō -> 3rd pl. present active
    dormiunt – “they sleep”

  3. habeō -> 3rd sg. present passive
    habētur – “it is (being) held”

  4. audiō -> 3rd pl. present passive
    audiuntur - “they are (being) heard”

  5. dēmonstrō -> 3rd sg. present active
    dēmonstrat – “she shows”

  6. regō -> 3rd pl. present active
    regunt – “they rule”

  7. ducō -> 3rd sg. present passive
    ducitur – “it is (being) led”

  8. moveō -> 3rd pl. present passive
    moventur – “they are (being) moved”

  9. scrībō -> 3rd sg. present active
    scrībit – “she writes”

  10. teneō -> 3rd pl. present active
    tenent – “they hold”

Part 2

  1. puerī carmina cum matribus suīs canunt.
    The boys are singing the songs with their mothers.

  2. equī ab agricolā ducuntur.
    The horses are (being) led by the farmer.

  3. periculum ab omnibus nautīs vidētur.
    The danger is (being) seen by all the sailors.

  4. hostēs in domūs cīvium currunt.
    The enemies are running into the homes of the citizens.

  5. monstrum ē marī venit.
    The monster is coming out of the sea.

Homework 17 (Due M 10/21)

  1. habeō -> 3rd sg. future active
    habēbit – “she will have”

  2. habeō -> 3rd sg. imperfect active
    habēbat – “she was having”

  3. demonstrō -> 3rd pl. future passive
    dēmonstrābuntur – “they will be shown”

  4. demonstrō -> 3rd pl. imperfect passive
    dēmonstrābantur – “they were being shown”

  5. moveō -> 3rd sg. future passive
    movēbitur – “he will be moved”

  6. moveō -> 3rd sg. imperfect passive
    movēbātur – “he was being moved”

  7. teneō -> 3rd pl. future active
    tenēbunt – “they will hold”

  8. teneō -> 3rd pl. imperfect active
    tenēbant – “they were holding”

  9. amō -> 3rd sg. future active
    amābit – “she will love”

  10. amō -> 3rd sg. future passive
    amābitur – “she will be loved”

Homework 18 (Due W 10/23)

Part 1

  1. canō -> 3rd sg. future active
    canet – “he will sing”

  2. moveō -> 3rd sg. present active
    movet – “he is moving”

  3. dormiō -> 3rd pl. future active
    dormient – “they will sleep”

  4. dormiō -> 3rd pl. present active
    dormiunt – “they are sleeping”

  5. moneō -> 3rd sg. future passive
    monēbitur – “she will be warned”

  6. moneō -> 3rd sg. imperfect passive
    monēbātur – “she was being warned”

  7. scrībō -> 3rd pl. future passive
    scrībentur – “they will be written”

  8. scrībō -> 3rd pl. present passive
    scrībuntur – “they are writing”

  9. scrībō -> 3rd pl. imperfect passive
    scrībēbantur – “they were being written”

  10. audiō -> 3rd pl. present active
    audiunt – “they hear”

  11. audiō -> 3rd pl. future active
    audient – “they will hear”

  12. faciō -> 3rd sg. imperfect active
    faciēbātur – “it was being made / it was becoming”

  13. faciō -> 3rd sg. future active
    faciet – “he will make”

  14. faciō -> 3rd sg. present active
    facit – “he makes”

  15. faciō -> 3rd sg. future passive
    faciētur – “it will be made / it will become”

Part 2

  • 3rd sg. pres. act: cupit
  • 3rd sg. pres. pass.: cupitur
  • 3rd sg. impf. act.: cupiēbat
  • 3rd sg. impf. pass.: cupiēbātur
  • 3rd sg. fut. act.: cupiet
  • 3rd sg. fut. pass.: cupiētur
  • 3rd sg. perf. act.: cupīvit / cupiit
  • 3rd sg. perf. pass.: cupitus, -a, -um est

Homework 19 (Due R 10/24)

Part 1

  1. canō -> present passive
    canī, “to be sung”

  2. moveō -> present passive
    movērī, “to be moved”

  3. interficiō -> present active
    interficere, “to kill”

  4. stō -> perfect active
    stetisse, “to have stood”

  5. videō -> perfect passive
    vīsum esse, “to have been seen” or “to seem”

  6. sciō -> present passive
    scīrī, “to be known”

  7. sum -> present active
    esse, “to be”

  8. sum -> perfect active
    fuisse, “to have been”

  9. rogō -> perfect passive
    rogātum esse, “to have been asked”

  10. relinquō -> perfect passive
    relictum esse, “to have been left”

Part 2

  1. est bonum illō aurum dare.
    dare - subjective
    It is good to give the gold to that person. or To give the gold to that person is good.

  2. nautae ē nāvibus venīre debent.
    venīre - complementary
    The sailors should come out of the ships.

  3. carmina illa ab omnibus audīrī poterunt.
    audīrī - complementary
    Those songs will be able to be heard by all the people / everyone.

  4. licet cībum capere.
    capere - subjective
    It is allowed to take the food.” or “To take the food is allowed.”

  5. fīlia dormīre tōtam noctem poterat.
    dormīre - complementary
    The daughter was able to sleep for the entire night.

Homework 20 (Due M 10/28)

Part 1

  1. agricola equōs ā viā duxit.
    dīcit agricolam equōs ā viā duxisse.
    She says that the farmer led the horses away from the road.

  2. pater prīmā hōrā in domum venit. (present tense)
    dīcit patrem prīmā hōrā in domum venīre.
    She says that the father is coming into the home at/in the first hour.

  3. vocēs ā liberīs audītae sunt.
    dīcit vocēs ā liberīs audītās sunt.
    She says that the voices were / have been heard by the children.

Part 2

  1. dīcit cīvēs laetōs factōs esse.
    cīvēs laetī factī sunt.
    The citizens became happy.

  2. dīcit carmen ā virō canī.
    carmen ā virō canitur.
    The song is (being) sung by the man.

  3. dīcit puellās in agrōs cucurrisse.
    puellae in agrōs cucurrērunt.
    The girls ran into the fields.

Homework 21 (Due W 10/30)

NOTE: Word order is highly variable in sentences of this length, so the sentences below are just examples of how the words in the sentence can be organized. What is more important, however, is that your nouns are in the same cases and your verbs are in the same tenses.

  1. The leader recognized that the sailor had given the gold to the farmers.
    dux cognōvit nautam aurum agricolīs dedisse.

  2. The boy saw that the horses were in the fields.
    puer vīdit equōs in agrīs esse.

  3. The father believes that the sons were able to see the trees.
    pater credit fīliōs vidēre arbōrēs potuisse.

  4. The girls are learning that their father wrote many things.
    puellae discunt patrem (suum) multa scripsisse.

    • NOTE: A reflexive in an indirect statement can refer either to the subject of the indirect statement or the subject of the main verb.

  5. The soldier said that the enemies had taken the city.
    miles dixit hostēs urbem cēpisse.

Homework 22 (Due R 10/31)

  1. līberī dormiunt dum mater et pater laborant.
    dependent clause: dum mater et pater laborant
    translation: The children are sleeping while the mother and father are working.

  2. cum mīles nāvēs vīdit, dixit hostēs venīre.
    dependent clause: cum mīles nāvēs vīdit
    translation: When the soldier saw the ships, he said that the enemies were coming.

  3. puerī ubi arborēs magnae erant sēdērunt.
    dependent clause: ubi arbōrēs magnae erant
    translation: The boys sat where the trees were large.

  4. pater laetus erat quia fīlium cum sorōre vīdit.
    dependent clause: quia fīlium cum sorōre vīdit.
    translation: The father was happy because he saw his son with his sister.

  5. dum puer cum matre carmina canēbat, puella cum patre in templum veniēbat.
    dependent clause: dum puer cum matre carmina canēbat
    translation: While the boy was singing songs with his mother, the girl was coming into the temple with her father.

Homework 23 (Due M 11/4)

  1. mater __ fīliae amāvērunt patrī lībrōs dedit. [Make the relative pronoun a direct object.]
    quam [fem. acc. sg.] - The mother whom the daughters loved gave the books to the father.

  2. oppidum __ ā cīvibus vīsum est pulchrum erat. [Make the relative pronoun a subject.]
    quod [neut. nom. sg.] - The town which was seen by the citizens was beautiful.

  3. ducēs __ mīlitēs fortēs erant ā nāvibus vēnērunt. [Make the relative pronoun a possessor.]
    quōrum [masc. gen. pl.] - The leaders whose soldiers were brave came from the ships.

  4. pater dīxit nōmina __ puella cognōvit. [Make the relative pronoun a direct object.]
    quae [neut. acc. pl.] - The father said names that the girl recognized.

  5. rex ___ cīvēs aurum dant malus est. [Make the relative pronoun an indirect object.]
    cui [masc. dat. sg.] - The king to whom the citizens give the gold is evil.

Homework 24 (Due W 11/6)

  1. est
    3rd sg. present active, “she is”

  2. ferunt
    3rd pl. present active, “they carry”

  3. ībant
    3rd pl. imperfect active, “they were going”

  4. potuērunt
    3rd pl. perfect active, “they were able”

  5. poterant
    3rd pl. imperfect active, “they were able”

  6. tulit
    3rd sg. perfect active, “he brought”

  7. eunt
    3rd pl. present active, “they go”

  8. feret
    3rd sg. future active, “she will bring”

  9. fertur
    3rd sg. present passive, “it is brought”

  10. erat
    3rd sg. imperfect active, “it was”

  11. latum est
    3rd sg. perfect passive, “it was brought”

  12. ferentur
    3rd pl. future passive, “they will be brought”

  13. feruntur
    3rd pl. present passive, “they are brought”

  14. ībit
    3rd sg. future active, “she will go”

  15. ībat
    3rd sg. imperfect active, “she was going”

Homework 25 (Due R 11/7)

  1. mīles _____ ē nāve venīre. [nōlō -> future]
    nōlet - The soldier will not want to come out of the ship.

  2. equī _____ currere in agrīs quam in urbe. [mālō -> present]
    mālunt - The horses prefer to run in the fields (rather) than in the city.

  3. dux _____ cum mīlitibus ad hostēs īre. [vōlō -> imperfect]
    volēbat - The leader was willing to go towards the enemies with the soldiers.

  4. puella _____ urbem relinquere. [nōlō -> present]
    nōn vult - The girl does not want to leave the city.

  5. sorōrēs _____ dōna frātribus dare. [mālō -> future]
    mālent - The sisters will prefer to give the gifts to their brothers.

Homework 26 (Due M 11/11)

  1. videō - 3rd pl. pluperfect passive indicative (masculine)
    • visi erant - they had been seen
  2. regō - 3rd sg. pluperfect active indicative
    • rexerat - she had ruled
  3. relinquō - 3rd pl. future perfect passive indicative (feminine)
    • relictae erunt - they will have been left
  4. audiō - 3rd sg. future perfect active indicative
    • audiverit or audierit - he will have heard
  5. demonstrō - 3rd sg. pluperfect passive indicative (neuter)
    • demonstratum erat - it had been shown

Homework 27 (Due W 11/13)

  1. urbem rege!
    Rule the city!

  2. aspicite hanc domum.
    Look at this house.

  3. vocem magistrī audī!
    Listen to the teacher’s voice!

  4. fac bona!
    Do good things!

  5. dūc equōs in agrōs.
    Lead the horses into the fields.

Homework 28 (Due R 11/14)

  1. regō -> 3rd sg. present active subjunctive
    regat

  2. regō -> 3rd sg. future active indicative
    reget

  3. regō -> 3rd sg. present active indicative
    regit

  4. capiō -> 3rd pl. future passive indicative
    capientur

  5. capiō -> 3rd pl. present passive indicative
    capiuntur

  6. capiō -> 3rd pl. present passive subjunctive
    capiantur

  7. dēmonstrō -> 3rd sg. imperfect active subjunctive
    dēmonstrāret

  8. dēmonstrō -> 3rd sg. imperfect active indicative
    dēmonstrābat

  9. dēmonstrō -> 3rd sg. future active indicative
    dēmonstrābit

  10. moveō -> 3rd pl. imperfect passive indicative
    movērentur

  11. moveō -> 3rd pl. future passive indicative
    movēbuntur

  12. moveō -> 3rd pl. imperfect passive subjunctive
    movēbantur

  13. ferō -> 3rd sg. imperfect passive subjunctive
    ferrētur

  14. ferō -> 3rd sg. future passive indicative
    ferētur

  15. ferō -> 3rd sg. present passive subjunctive
    ferātur

  16. eō -> 3rd pl. present active subjunctive
    eant

  17. eō -> 3rd pl. present active indicative
    eunt

  18. eō -> 3rd pl. imperfect active subjunctive
    īrent

  19. sum -> 3rd pl. present active subjunctive
    sint

  20. sum -> 3rd pl. present active indicative
    sunt

Homework 29 (Due M 11/18)

  1. regō -> 3rd sg. perfect active subjunctive
    rexerit

  2. regō -> 3rd sg. future perfect active indicative
    rexerit

  3. regō -> 3rd sg. pluperfect active indicative
    rexerat

  4. capiō -> 3rd pl. perfect passive indicative (masculine)
    captī sunt

  5. capiō -> 3rd pl. pluperfect passive subjunctive (masculine)
    captī essent

  6. capiō -> 3rd pl. perfect passive subjunctive (masculine)
    captī sint

  7. dēmonstrō -> 3rd sg. pluperfect active subjunctive
    dēmonstrāvisset

  8. dēmonstrō -> 3rd sg. perfect active indicative
    dēmonstrāvit

  9. dēmonstrō -> 3rd sg. pluperfect passive subjunctive (neuter)
    dēmonstrātum esset

  10. moveō -> 3rd pl. perfect passive indicative (feminine)
    motae sunt

  11. moveō -> 3rd pl. future perfect active indicative
    mōverint

  12. moveō -> 3rd pl. perfect active subjunctive
    mōverint

  13. ferō -> 3rd sg. pluperfect passive subjunctive (neuter)
    latum esset

  14. ferō -> 3rd sg. pluperfect active subjunctive
    tulisset

  15. ferō -> 3rd sg. pluperfect active indicative
    tulerat

Homework 30 (Due W 11/20)

  1. utinam nē monstrum in domum eat!
    optative - If only the monster would not go into the home!

  2. forsitan equī ex agrīs veniant.
    potential - Perhaps the horses might come out of the fields.

  3. nauta pecūniam caperet?
    deliberative - Should the sailor have taken the money?

  4. utinam periculum vīdisset.
    optative - If only she had seen the danger.

  5. magister hanc epistulam scrībat?
    deliberative - Should the teacher write this letter?

Homework 31 (Due R 11/21)

  1. cum pecūniam ____, dux in templō sedēbat. (dō, completed)
    dedisset, “After he had given the money, the leader was sitting in the temple.”

  2. sorōrēs ē domō currunt quod pater ____. (canō, in progress)
    canat, “The sisters are running away from the house because their father is singing.”

  3. nautae in templum iērunt cum periculum ____. (cognoscō, completed)
    cognōvissent, “The sailors went into the temple because they (had) perceived the danger.”
    OR cognitum esset, “The sailors went into the temple because the danger was / had been perceived.”

  4. cum ex agrīs ____, agricola dormit. (veniō, completed)
    vēnerit, “After he came out of the fields, the farmer is sleeping.”

  5. quia mīles haec verba ____, puer territus est. (dīcō, completed)
    dixisset, “Because the soldier (had) said these words, the boy was terrified.”

Homework 32 (Due M 11/25)

  1. puerī dormiēbant cum nox vēnisset. (causal)
    The boys were sleeping because the night had come.

  2. puerī dormiēbant cum nox vēnisset. (circumstantial)
    The boys were sleeping after the night had come.

  3. cum nox vēnisset, puerī tamen nōn dormiēbant. (concessive)
    Although the night had come, the boys nevertheless were not sleeping.

  4. cīves oppidum rēliquērunt quod hostēs cēperant. (relative)
    The citizens left the town which the enemies had taken.

  5. cīves oppidum rēliquērunt quod hostēs id cēpissent. (causal)
    The citizens left the town because the enemies had taken it.

Homework 33 (Due M 12/2)

  1. He went into the house in order to write a letter.
    in domum iit ut epistulam scrīberet.

  2. Although she was willing to hear the song, nevertheless her son did not sing it.
    cum audīre carmen vellet, fīlius id tamen nōn cecinit.

  • NOTE: “Although” can be rendered by various conjunctions, including cum + subjunctive but also quamquam + indicative or subjunctive, quamvis + subjunctive, or licet + (present or perfect) subjunctive.
  1. The leader does not see the gold because the sailor placed it in the temple.
    dux aurum nōn videt cum nauta in templō id posuerit.
  • NOTE: “because” can be rendered by various conjunctions, including cum + subjunctive but also quia, quod, or quoniam + indicative or subjunctive.
  1. The daughter was happy after she (had) received her father’s letter.
    fīlia laeta erat cum epistulam patris recēpisset.

Homework 34 (Due W 12/4)

  1. equī ita magnī erant ut puer terrērētur.
    result clause - “The horses were so large that the boy was terrified.”

  2. puer in domum cucurrit nē ab equīs vidērētur.
    purpose clause - “The boy ran into the house so that he would not be seen by the horses.” or “The boy ran into the house in order not to be seen by the horses.”

  3. discipulī sīc rīsērunt ut magister flēret.
    result clause - “The students laughed in such a way that the teacher cried.”

  4. magister docet ut discipulī discant.
    purpose clause - “The teacher teaches so that the students might learn.”

  5. magister sīc docet ut discipulī discant.
    result clause - “The teacher teaches in such a way that the students learn.”

Homework 35 (Due R 12/5)

  1. If the book was not in the home, the daughter took it.
    past simple - nisī liber in domō erat, fīlia eum cēpit.

  2. The sailor will go into the temple if the road is short.
    future more vivid - nauta in templum ībit sī via brevis erit.

  • NOTE: This is a future more vivid condition, as you can tell from the future tense of the apodosis (“will go”); while English can render the protasis as a present tense (“is”), Latin cannot – you must use the future or future perfect tense.
  1. The father is happy if his son has a wife.
    present simple - pater laetus est sī fīlius uxōrem habet.

Homework 36 (Due M 12/9)

  1. The enemy would have taken the city if the soldiers had not been in the road.
    past contrary-to-fact - hostis urbem cēpisset nisī mīlitēs in viā fuissent.

  2. If the man should sing that song, the daughter would run away from the house.
    future less vivid - sī vir illud carmen canat, fīlia ā domō currat.

  3. If the man were singing that song, the daughter would run away from the house.
    present contrary-to-fact - sī vir illud carmen caneret, fīlia ā domō curreret.

All material developed by Daniel Libatique, Dominic Machado, and Neel Smith, and available under the Creative Commons Attribution Share-Alike license CC BY-SA 4.0